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To elucidate the multi-phase seepage behavior of the CO2-brine system in porous media and its geological sequestration mechanisms, this study adopts a multi-scale research framework based on digital core technology, pore network modeling, and multi-physics numerical simulation. The seepage characteristics of fluids in complex pore structures and the key mechanisms governing CO2 leakage monitoring were systematically investigated. High-resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography was employed to obtain two-dimensional tomographic image sequences of rock cores. Based on these images, three-dimensional digital core models that accurately reproduce the internal pore structures were reconstructed using Avizo software, and micro-structural parameters, including pore and throat size distributions and connectivity, were quantitatively characterized. On this basis, equivalent pore network models were established to simulate the CO2-brine two-phase seepage processes for 0.103 mol·kg⁻¹ NaCl brine under reservoir conditions of 323.15 K and 12.4 MPa. Furthermore, three-dimensional two-phase flow simulations were performed based on multi-physics simulation software, and the pore-scale mechanisms were extended to the field scale by constructing a CO2 geological storage model for low-permeability reservoirs. This model targets reservoir conditions with permeability lower than 10 mD and a burial depth of approximately 2200 m, and it simulates the long-term migration behavior of CO2 under a temperature of 65 °C and a pressure of 18 MPa while considering different injection rates.

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