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THURSDAY, 16-APR-26 02:42
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Talk Details
Presenter:
Title:
The vexing variable vesicles of low viscosity explosive volcanism: what makes mafic magma explode?
Authors:
Jorgenson, C.; Horn, E.L; Halverson, B.; Fevola, G.; Stueckelberger M.E.;Wilde, F.; Hughes, E.; Carey, R.; Lowen, M.; Caricchi, L.; Rooyakkers, S.; Bonadonna, C.; Dominguez, L.; and Dobson K.
Abstract:
The drivers of explosive low viscosity volcanism remain an enigma. Trapping exsolved volatiles (CO2 and H2O) is fundamental in creating explosive eruptions in high silica, high viscosity magma. In contrast, low silica, low viscosity mafic magma loses volatiles through degassing, typically leading to effusive volcanism. However, there are several instances of explosive low silica, low viscosity eruptions worldwide. The low viscosity of mafic magma leads to highly tortuous bubble networks that can only be accurately measured in 3D. Here we present preliminary results of a multi scale resolution (1.2 - 20 μm) X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) dataset from 11 low viscosity eruptions varying levels of explosive intensity. Initial observation shows a striking variation in bubble texture and crystal content, between eruptions and within a single eruptive unit. While some samples have highly tortuous and closed bubble network, others have large, rounded bubbles. A defining factor in the bubble texture is likely the abundance of crystals, where the crystal rich samples have a more complex bubble network. This relationship and the variance across samples further emphasises the need for 3D data to properly assess and compare the vesicle-crystal textures. Preliminary assessment of porosity shows a wide variability ranging from 30 – 70% and showing a slight trend with increasing explosive intensity. High vesicle connectivity across all samples (0.68 – 0.99) is consistent with reported values for explosive low viscosity magmas and supports efficient degassing pathways for both low and high intensity mafic explosions.
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